Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Against Animal Testing Essay -- Animal Cruelty

We as a whole have a pet either is a canine named spot or a feline named feathery would you wont somebody to test medication or restorative on your pet so why let them on another person. Today I am going to disclose to you why creatures testing isn't right, what the medication and restorative organizations do to these poor animals. Medication testing on creatures is pointless on the grounds that animalâ's body never responds to tranquilize like people. Medication and restorative organizations are the greatest creature analyzer. They have a great deal of medication reviewed in light of the fact that creature testing didnâ't show that they where hurtful. It is only a misuse of cash, time and exertion to test on creatures in light of the fact that 60% of the time it just torments the creatures and never benefits anybody. For what reason do you have to know this since I think you have to realize how futile creature testing is. Medication organizations use creatures to test their items to ensure their safe however it doesnâ't generally work and it is exceptionally heartless to the creatures they are trying on. As per geocities.com article paw_n_tails that I got to on November 10 to quantify extreme consumes on live tissue, a pet is scorched bursting at the seams with a fire hurler until the burned substance can be expelled in enormous pieces fromâ while the creature is as yet alive. A test to contemplate head injury requires a creatures head to be lashed down andâ get high effect hits to the head bringing about extreme cerebrum harm. To show there is no distinction in eye protein levels of the site denied, the creatures eyelids are sewn closed afterwards contrasted with typical protein levels. Medication testing on creatures has made damage and demise people, as well. Numerous patients who were regulated the general sedative Methoxyflurane lost capacity of their kidneys since creature tests neglected t o uncover conceivable kidney poisonousness. The arth... ...are utilized to decide the measure of a substance that will murder a foreordained proportion of creatures. For instance, in the LD50 test, subjects are compelled to ingest toxic substances (through stomach tubes, fume splash inhalers or infusion) until half of them bite the dust. Normal responses to LD tests incorporate spasms, retching, loss of motion and seeping from the eyes, nose, mouth or rectum. To day I have revealed to you that we are made unique so why test on creatures to help us when a fraction of the time it doesnâ't work, and that creature testing in medicate organizations cause a physical issue to a creature just to check whether an item will chip away at them, and how corrective organizations cause demise to creature just so individuals can look increasingly delightful. Presently you are asking your self what would i be able to do to support these poor doggies and cats that are dealt with so pitilessness well you could utilize item that are not tried on creatures.

Thursday, July 30, 2020

Three Things That Are Awesome

Three Things That Are Awesome Numbers 1: MEnging I graduated in June, but Im not gone yet! Due to a great program in Course 6 (Electrical Engineering and Computer Science) at MIT, I am able to stay on to complete a Masters Degree. The M.Eng program in Course 6 is something students can apply for in their junior year. They then start to integrate graduate-level courses with their regular courseload. This puts them in position to finish all of the requirements for the Masters degree as well as the Bachelors in only 5 years. (If the two degrees were completed sequentially, they would generally take a total of 6 years.) Besides the time-savings, I am excited about this program because it offers a way to cap off a lot of theoretical learning with one big project that requires actual application of the ideas. I also happen to have absolutely *amazing* advisers. Were working understanding how humans produce speech more on that in a later post. Number 2: Learning to Teach Ive joined the Scheller Teacher Education Program (STEP) this fall. Its basically a crash-course series of classes on education in theory and practice. The theory side covers issues such as, Should we be developing students creative thinking skills or giving them practical lessons and vocational training? The practice side teaches us the nitty gritty of discipline, lesson planning, and how to get students attention. STEP also includes classroom observation, and eventually teaching in nearby schools! Number 3: Randomites Though Im living in an apartment now, I still take time to go back to Random Hall. One must-experience event at Random is their fall rush, designed to introduce freshmen to their unique culture. I attended a great new event this year, led by ch3cooh 11. There were three parts to the event: building MIT out of candy, rolling it up into katamari, and eating it! Here are some pictures of the process shot by Zev 08, M.Eng 09: Step 1: Building MIT out of candy. The big peanutbuttery gob with the Hersheys kisses on it is labeled Stata. Nearby are graham cracker representations of the two parallel buildings of East Campus and the Green building (the tallest building in Cambridge!) You can see the blue jello version of the Charles River flowing through the center. Im not sure whose idea the snow-capped mountains or volcano were I havent seen them around campus. Step 2: Rolling it up into katamari. We started with a small glob of chocolate and marshmallow mixture, and rolled our katamari around the board while listening to remixes of the song (the song can be heard on this Youtube video. Step 3: Eating it! This was harder for some people than for others Post Tagged #Random Hall

Friday, May 22, 2020

Parametric and Nonparametric Methods in Statistics

There are a few divisions of topics in statistics. One division that quickly comes to mind is the differentiation between descriptive and inferential statistics. There are other ways that we can separate out the discipline of statistics. One of these ways is to classify statistical methods as either parametric or nonparametric. We will find out what the difference is between parametric methods and nonparametric methods.  The way that we will do this is to compare different instances of these types of methods. Parametric Methods Methods are classified by what we know about the population we are studying.  Parametric methods are typically the first methods studied in an introductory statistics course. The basic idea is that there is a set of fixed parameters that determine a probability model. Parametric methods are often those for which we know that the population is approximately normal, or we can approximate using a normal distribution after we invoke the central limit theorem.  There are two parameters for a normal distribution: the mean and the standard deviation. Ultimately the classification of a method as parametric depends upon the assumptions that are made about a population. A few parametric methods include: Confidence interval for a population mean, with known standard deviation.Confidence interval for a population mean, with unknown standard deviation.Confidence interval for a population variance.Confidence interval for the difference of two means, with unknown standard deviation. Nonparametric Methods To contrast with parametric methods, we will define nonparametric methods. These are statistical techniques for which we do not have to make any assumption of parameters for the population we are studying. Indeed, the methods do not have any dependence on the population of interest. The set of parameters is no longer fixed, and neither is the distribution that we use.  It is for this reason that nonparametric methods are also referred to as distribution-free methods. Nonparametric methods are growing in popularity and influence for a number of reasons. The main reason is that we are not constrained as much as when we use a parametric method.  We do not need to make as many assumptions about the population that we are working with as what we have to make with a parametric method. Many of these nonparametric methods are easy to apply and to understand. A few nonparametric methods include: Sign test for population meanBootstrapping techniquesU test for two independent meansSpearman correlation test Comparison There are multiple ways to use statistics to find a confidence interval about a mean.  A parametric method would involve the calculation of a margin of error with a formula, and the estimation of the population mean with a sample mean.  A nonparametric method to calculate a confidence mean would involve the use of bootstrapping. Why do we need both parametric and nonparametric methods for this type of problem? Many times parametric methods are more efficient than the corresponding nonparametric methods. Although this difference in efficiency is typically not that much of an issue, there are instances where we do need to consider which method is more efficient.

Sunday, May 10, 2020

Secret Solutions to High Quality Term Papers Exposed

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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Bend Oregon Free Essays

The name bend was derived from â€Å"Farewell Bend†. This designation was used by the early pioneer that refers to the Deschutes River, where the town is platted. Deschutes country, Oregon is the principal city of Bend Oregon, Metropolitan statistical area. We will write a custom essay sample on Bend Oregon or any similar topic only for you Order Now The population was 52,029 at the 2000 census and has grown to over 75,290 as of 2006. It is located at the edge of Ponderosa pine Forrest as it transferred to high dessert plateau, characterized by junipers, sagebrush, bitter-brush and little water. Tourism is one of Bends largest sectors. The cascade lakes are large draw for tourists. Some of the recreational activities include downhill and cross country skiing, hiking, biking, rafting, golfing, camping, fishing and more. Bend also a home to the Deschutes Brewery; the largest in the city. It has also hosted the Bend film Festival bend film. Bend was previously the only metropolitan area west Mississippi without a public bus system. Funding was acquired and bus service began on a limited basis. In terms of their government, they appointed commissioners assigned to its respective duties. There are various board of commission which includes Code of professional conduct committee shall monitor new and revised AICPA Interpretations and rulings. Next is the State Board of Agriculture led by Chairman Bernie Faber. It has three-fold mission: food safety and consumer protection; protecting the natural resources base: and marketing agricultural products. There are also a commission in alcohol and Drug abuse, appraiser certification and training council, arts commission, architect examiners, Asian affairs, asset forfeiture oversight advisory committee, Board of athletic Trainers and lastly the aviation board. In the present year, infrastructures and top companies are growing and expanding, proving that Oregon has a well established economy. How to cite Bend Oregon, Papers

Wednesday, April 29, 2020

Monday Essays - Stress, Coping, Stress Management, Eustress

Monday Stressor. My Java class assignment due by midnight tonight and I have not started it yet. Stress Response. Psychological Cognitive: Questioned my programming ability Emotional: Worry I would fail out Physical: Bite fingernails Behavioral: Work slower than normal Tuesday Stressor. Chemistry Lab for Wednesday class is still not done. Stress Response. Psychological Cognitive: Questioned my reason for being here (Kettering) Emotional: Worry I would fail out Physical: Bite fingernails, and pace room Behavioral: Work slower than normal, and repeatedly stop to eat. Wednesday Stressor. Calculus Exam taken in morning without any studying. Stress Response. Psychological Cognitive: Questioned my reason for being here (Kettering), and thinking of taking Calc 1 at GRCC Emotional: Worry I would fail out and parents be disappointed Physical: Bite fingernails Behavioral: Work slower than normal, tap finger on desk, sit and stare Thursday Stressor. Calculus Exam back have to see grade. Stress Response. Psychological Cognitive: Might as well start sleeping in. Emotional: MAJOR stress, feeling stupid Physical: Bite fingernails Behavioral: Sleep Friday Stressor. School this whole week Stress Response. Psychological Cognitive: I too stupid to go here drop and go somewhere else Emotional: Sad and feeling inadequate Physical: Pace awaiting nighttime Behavioral: To be frankly honest: alcohol, sex and loud music. PARTY. Most Common Stress Response: Biting finger nails, and doubting my self. All of my stress is dependent on this school and my lack of motivation and will-power to force myself to study and do homework. Main Coping Method: My main coping method is parties on the weekends to relax. This involves smoking and drinking. I do not smoke a lot nor do I drink to get drunk just enough to almost relax. These are probably not the most productive coping methods but I feel they work the best for me out of the ones I do use. New Techniques: Recreational Center is something I have been trying. Working out, running, playing sports and hitting the speed bag (boxing). I want the school to get a body bag to help relieve stress even more. Nothing better than aggressive stress relief. Knowing that at the end of the day I can hit something as hard and as much as I want may delay my stressor reaction long enough to have some fun with it. Or maybe calm down. Bibliography None

Friday, March 20, 2020

How to Order Greeting Cards From the White House

How to Order Greeting Cards From the White House The White House Greetings Office will send greeting cards signed by the President of the United States to commemorate special events, accomplishments or milestones free of charge to U.S. citizens. While the existence and basic function of the White House Greetings Office have remained largely unchanged over the years, each new  presidential administration may deal with greeting requests differently. However, the basic guidelines are rarely changed.   To request a greeting card from the President, just follow these guidelines from the White House Greetings Office. Trump Administration As part of the 2017 presidential transition, the White House website team has at least temporarily removed pages referencing the White House Greetings Office, including the online greeting card request form and instructions. Should the Donald Trump administration restore the online request function, the details will be posted here.  Ã‚   Alternatively, greeting cards signed by the President can be requested through the offices all U.S. Representatives and Senators. For details, either contact their offices or refer to the â€Å"Constituent Services† section of their websites. How to Submit Requests There are currently two  ways to request a presidential greeting: Requests may be submitted through the Constituent Services function of one of the U.S. Senators or U.S. Representatives from your state.Requests can also be mailed, at least six weeks in advance of the event to: White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20500. Guidelines for Submitting Requests U.S. Citizens Only:  The White House will send greetings to United States citizens only, for special occasions as outlined below. Advance action required:  Your request should be received at least six (6) weeks in advance of the event date. (Greetings are generally not sent after the event date, except for wedding congratulations and newborn acknowledgments.) Anniversary greetings: Anniversary greetings will be sent to couples who are celebrating a 50th, 60th, 70th or later wedding anniversary. Birthday greetings: Birthday greetings will be sent only to people turning 80 or older or veterans turning 70 or older. Other greetings: A limited number of special occasions other than birthdays and anniversaries exist for which the Greetings Office will send appropriate recognition to United States citizens. These occasions include important life events such as: Wedding (Do not  send your request until after the wedding.)Babys birth or adoption of a childRetirement after at least 30 years on the same jobEagle Scout AwardGirl Scout Gold AwardBar/Bat Mitzvah or equivalent religious occasion Required information: Please include the following in your request. Name and home address of honoree(s)Form of address (Mr., Ms., Mrs., Dr., Miss, etc.)Exact date of occasion (month, day, year)Age (birthdays) or number of years of marriageYour (the requestors) name and daytime phone numberAny specific mailing instructions if other than to honorees addressWedding (Include couples married names and current or new address) How Long Will it Take? Typically, signed greeting cards should arrive within six  weeks after being requested. The White House Office requires that requests be made at least six weeks before the date of the event to be commemorated. However, actual delivery times can vary greatly and requests should always be submitted as far in advance as possible. For example, at one point during the first term of the Obama administration, the Greetings Office announced it was â€Å"swamped† with requests and stated that it could take â€Å"several months† for requests to reach the Greetings Office and be mailed out. So, in all cases and no matter whos in the White House, the best advice is to plan ahead and order early.

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

Rachel Carson Quotes on the Environment

Rachel Carson Quotes on the Environment Rachel Carson wrote Silent Spring documenting the impacts of pesticides on ecology. Because of this book, Rachel Carson is often credited with reviving the environmentalist movement. Selected Rachel Carson Quotations The control of nature is a phrase conceived in arrogance, born of the Neanderthal age of biology and philosophy when it was supposed that nature exists for the convenience of man. The concepts and practices of applied entomology for the most part date from that Stone Age of science. It is our alarming misfortune that so primitive a science has armed itself with the most modem and terrible weapons and that in turning them against the insects it has also turned them against the earth. Through all these new, imaginative, and creative approaches to the problem of sharing our earth with other creatures there runs a constant theme, the awareness that we are dealing with life with living populations and all their pressures and counter pressures, their surges, and recessions. Only by taking account of such life forces and by cautiously seeking to guide them into channels favorable to ourselves can we hope to achieve a reasonable accommodation between the insect hordes and ourselves. We stand now where two roads diverge. But unlike the roads in Robert Frosts familiar poem, they are not equally fair. The road we have long been traveling is deceptively easy, a smooth superhighway on which we progress with great speed, but at its end lies disaster. The other fork of the road the one less traveled by offers our last, our only chance to reach a destination that assures the preservation of the earth. If I had influence with the good fairy who is supposed to preside over the christening of all children, I should ask that her gift to each child in the world be a sense of wonder so indestructible that it would last throughout life. For all at last returns to the sea to Oceanus, the ocean river, like the ever-flowing stream of time, the beginning and the end. One way to open your eyes is to ask yourself, What if I had never seen this before? What if I knew I would never see it again?† Those who dwell, as scientists or laymen, among the beauties and mysteries of the earth are never alone or weary of life. If facts are the seeds that later produce knowledge and wisdom, then the emotions and the impressions of the senses are the fertile soil in which the seeds must grow. If a child is to keep alive his inborn sense of wonder, he needs the companionship of at least one adult who can share it, rediscovering with him the joy, excitement, and mystery of the world we live in. It is a wholesome and necessary thing for us to turn again to the earth and in the contemplation of her beauties to know of wonder and humility. Only within the moment of time represented by the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world. Those who contemplate the beauty of the earth find reserves of strength that will endure as long as life lasts. The more clearly we can focus our attention on the wonders and realities of the universe about us, the less taste we shall have for destruction. No witchcraft, no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new life in this stricken world. The people had done it themselves. Like the resource it seeks to protect, wildlife conservation must be dynamic, changing as conditions change, seeking always to become more effective. To stand at the edge of the sea, to sense the ebb and flow of the tides, to feel the breath of a mist moving over a great salt marsh, to watch the flight of shore birds that have swept up and down the surf lines of the continents for untold thousands of year, to see the running of the old eels and the young shad to the sea, is to have knowledge of things that are as nearly eternal as any earthly life can be. There is no drop of water in the ocean, not even in the deepest parts of the abyss, that does not know and respond to the mysterious forces that create the tide. The current vogue for poisons has failed utterly to take into account these most fundamental considerations. As crude a weapon as the cave mans club, the chemical barrage has been hurled against the fabric of life a fabric, on the one hand, delicate and destructible, on the other miraculously tough and resilient, and capable of striking back in unexpected ways. These extraordinary capacities of life have been ignored by the practitioners of chemical control who have brought to their task no high-minded orientation, no humility before the vast forces with which they tamper. These sprays, dusts, and aerosols are now applied almost universally to farms, gardens, forests, and homes-nonselective chemicals that have the power to kill every insect, the good and the bad, to still the song of birds and the leaping of fish in the streams, to coat the leaves with a deadly film, and to linger on in soil-all this though the intended target may be only a few weeds or insects. Can anyone believe it is possible to lay down such a barrage of poisons on the surface of the earth without making it unfit for all life? They should not be called insecticides, but biocides. Quotes About Rachel Carson Vera Norwood: In the early 1950s, when Carson finished The Sea Around Us, she was optimistic about the use science could make of nature while still respecting the final priority of natural processes over human manipulation. . . . Ten years later, at work on Silent Spring, Carson was no longer as sanguine about the ability of the environment to protect itself from human interference. She had begun to understand the destructive impact civilization had on the environment and was presented with a dilemma: the growth of civilization destroys the environment, but only through increased knowledge (a product of civilization) can destruction be stopped. John Perkins: She articulated a philosophy of how civilized people ought to relate to nature and its care. Carsons technical critique of insecticides launched from a philosophical foundation ultimately found a home in a new movement, environmentalism, in the late 1960s and 1970s. She must be regarded as one intellectual founder of the movemen t, even though she perhaps did not intend to do so nor did she live to see the real fruition of her work.

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Technology and the Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology and the Curriculum - Essay Example In later years, students can make use of ICT to do research and create innovative pieces of work. Libraries are available online, where students are able to access a wide range of literary and scholarly work of famous authors. Technology must be incorporated into the curriculum so that students may enjoy their educational activities while enhancing independent thinking. Technology is required not only for learning but also for social adaptation (Wilmarth, as cited in Jacobs, 2010a, p.80) and media literacy (Baker, as cited in Jacobs, 2010b, p.133) that is beneficial for students in their personal and professional lives. For example, In case of capturing digital images and making videos, children would require digital cameras and camcorders, respectively. The hardware required has got its benefits and weaknesses. The benefits include easy capturing of images and trouble-free video recording (Sheskey, as cited in Jacobs, 2010c, p.195). There is ease of use together with fun and educational learning. The main weakness of this hardware is that it is too expensive to be used by young children at EYFS and primary stage. If the camera is too complex in structure for young kids to understand, they will get frustrated and might stop using it. Still, with correct supervision, all technological tools can prove to be very beneficial for students. Skype is one example of such a forbidden resource that can prove to be very helpful for students (November, as cited in Jacobs, 2010d, p.186). With the growing use of ICT in schools, there is no reason why children with special needs should be ignored. There are a lot of technological tools available in the market and online that help children with special needs adapt to their new learning environment which is more efficient and more helpful to them. These tools help children who find difficulties such as language hurdles, cultural hurdles, writing trouble (dysgraphia), reading difficulties (dyslexia), math

Monday, February 3, 2020

Peer Victimization in Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Peer Victimization in Schools - Essay Example According to a well-researched study done by Professor William Ross for the National Forum of Teacher Education Journal, there are two levels of consequences for the victims. One is the immediate trauma and hurt experienced by the victim. More seriously, victims can experience long-term problems like insecurity and loss of self-confidence. Ross adds that even the perpetrator can be negatively affected. The power and sadistic emotions they feel could result in criminal tendencies and behavior as adults. Victimization can happen through physical abuse and verbal or psychological means. Professor Ross states that boys tend to more physical in their abuse and can include acts like pushing and beating the victim. Girl bullies tend to use more subtle methods and can include acts like spreading rumors and isolating the victim from being a part of peer groups. So both the victims and perpetrators of peer victimization are at risk in different ways. The Bahamas society would eventually experi ence one set of adults who do not have self-confidence and are insecure if the situation gets out of hand. On the other extreme, another set of adults with criminal and anti-social tendencies would be present in the society. Due to the seriousness of the problem, educational institutions, governments, and other organizations have developed many accepted means of preventing or reducing victimization in schools. An article by the National Criminal Reference Service in the United States speaks highly of a program titled ‘Olweus Bullying Prevention Program’ developed in Norway.

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Implications of Chinese Capital Account Liberalisation

Implications of Chinese Capital Account Liberalisation If China does liberalise, few other events over the next decade are likely to have more impact on the shape of the global financial system. This also sets out a conceptual framework, identifying three separate factors which help explain why the scale of the subsequent movements in capital flows — both into and out of China — could be very large relative to the size of the world economy: (i) ‘Closing the openness gap’- There is a large gap between China’s current level of openness and that of advanced economies. Liberalisation will lead this gap to close, generating large flows in the process. (ii) ‘Catch-up growth’- China’s economic growth is expected to be relatively high over the next decade. So even if China’s capital flows do not increase relative to its own economy, they will relative to the world economy. (iii)‘Declining home bias’- Prior to the recent crisis, the global financial system became increasingly integrated. A resumption of these trends over coming decades would lead capital flows to increase both in China and globally. Summary chart Potential impact of capital account liberalisation on China’s international investment position Based on these three factors and some simple but plausible assumptions, the summary chart shows a hypothetical scenario for China’s global financial integration in 2025. It shows that China’s gross international investment position could increase from around 5% to over 30% of world GDP. The global financial integration of China has the potential to be a force for economic growth and financial stability not just in China but also globally. Global implications of Chinese capital account liberalisation The potential changes in both the magnitude and composition of capital flows outlined in the previous section would dramatically alter the financial landscape both in China and globally. In principle, capital account liberalisation in China could be a powerful force that enables the Chinese and global Implications for China For China, there are several potential benefits of liberalisation which can all be viewed through the broader lens of contributing to economic rebalancing. The Chinese economy is now starting to transition to a new model of growth, away from reliance on exports and investment as the key sources of demand. The new model of growth will therefore place a greater emphasis on consumption as a source of demand and an increase in the production of services relative to exportable manufactures. This is a challenging task and will require an ambitious agenda of structural reforms. Among these reforms, capital account liberalisation will play a key role. A removal of restrictions on outflows, for example, will allow Chinese companies and households to diversify their large pools of savings by investing in overseas assets. This should help to spread risk, reducing the need for precautionary saving and hence free up income for current spending. And it may also boost household income if returns earned on overseas assets are higher than on domestic assets (which is likely given that real deposit rates in China are currently negative due to  regulatory caps). China has the biggest banking system in the world by total assets but it is very domestically focused. If China’s banks were to diversify their balance sheets by expanding abroad — either directly through cross-border bank lending, or indirectly through lending to foreign affiliates — they may become more resilient to an adverse shock in their home market and so be better able to maintain lending to domestic companies and households in China. Allowing more channels for inflows, on the other hand, will help to deepen and diversify China’s financial system, providing alternative sources of capital for Chinese borrowers. Should liberalisation also lead to lower reserve accumulation, it could lead to an improvement in China’s fiscal balance since the return on its FX reserves is lower than the cost of sterilising those purchases. And if it were accompanied by a more flexible exchange rate regime (as was suggested by the Third Plenum), it could allow China to operate a more effective monetary policy, increasing its ability to respond to domestic shocks. All of these factors should promote China’s rebalancing and its transition towards a new model of growth. But there are also risks. There are several notable examples where capital account liberalisation has resulted in instability. The most recent, perhaps, was the Eastern European countries where large capital inflows contributed to unsustainably rapid cr edit growth that ultimately culminated in economic and financial crisis in 2008 (Bakker and Gulde (2010)). Chinese policymakers will need to ensure they have sufficient scope to set policy to offset shocks that could pose risks to economic and financial stability. It will be particularly important to sequence carefully external liberalisation with appropriate domestic macroprudential and microprudential policies to mitigate risks from excessive credit growth and asset price volatility. One concern is that by opening the financial gates, some banks and, ultimately, borrowers in the Chinese real economy may find themselves faced with a shortage of liquidity. China’s banking system is heavily reliant on domestic deposits for its funding, which account for around two thirds of total liabilities. A reallocation overseas of even a small share of these deposits could therefore cause funding difficulties. By  enabling higher real returns for Chinese domestic savers, however, domest ic interest rate liberalisation could help to reduce these risks. Another set of risks are related to inflows. In the short run, there could be indigestion in China’s asset markets, which are still small relative to potentially large inflows of capital. And over a longer time period, inflows could lead to an unsustainable build-up of maturity and currency mismatches in national balance sheets (for example, long-term domestic investment funded by short-term overseas FX-denominated borrowing). Large mismatches are susceptible to unwind in a disorderly way, as was the case for some Asian economies in 1997–98. Finally, the risks arising from a more flexible — and potentially more volatile — exchange rate would need to be effectively managed. Which of these outcomes — more sustainable growth or a rise in instability — would dominate will depend on the accompanying policy framework. The empirical evidence on the costs and benefits of financial openness tends to suggest that countries benefit most when certain threshold conditions — such as a well-developed and supervised financial sector and sound institutions and macroeconomic policies — are in place before opening up to large-scale flows of capital (Kose et al (2006)). This underscores the importance in China of careful sequencing of capital account liberalisation alongside other domestic reforms such as domestic interest rate liberalisation, development of effective hedging instruments and enhancing the microprudential and macroprudential regimes. Implications for the rest of the world From the perspective of policymakers outside of China, it is important to understand how capital account liberalisation might ‘spill over’ to affect other economies. Four such channels are discussed below, although there are undoubtedly others. Greater exposure to the Chinese financial system If liberalisation has a large impact on the Chinese economy or financial system, it is also likely to have a significant impact in other countries as well. Although China’s economy is already considered able to generate material spillovers onto other economies (International Monetary Fund (2011b)), the process of capital account liberalisation will likely increase its systemic importance even further, by magnifying existing transmission channels, while also creating new ones. Foreign households, businesses and financial institutions will increase the amount and the number of their claims on China, while those in China will do the same with respect to the outside world, thereb y deepening the complex web of financial interconnectedness. If China does hard-wire itself into the global financial system, it will bring important benefits in terms of risk-sharing. Households that purchase Chinese assets whose returns are not perfectly correlated with their own income would be better able to smooth consumption. And foreign banks that  expand in China would diversify their earnings base and potentially enhance their resilience. The flipside of increased interconnectedness, however, is that the global financial system will be more sensitive to shocks originating in China. Increased holdings of Chinese assets, for example, would imply greater exposure to fluctuations in their price. Greater reliance of global banks on Chinese banks for  funding, in turn, would bring about the possibility of a liquidity shortage if those banks were to repatriate funds in response to balance sheet pressures back home.(1) Increase in global liquidity If China’s financial walls are lifted, some of its vast pool of domestic savings will migrate into global capital markets, providing a significant boost to liquidity. The illustrative scenario in Chart 5 suggests that these flows could amount to a substantial share of world GDP. A new source of global liquidity from China could lead to several beneficial effects, particularly during a period where the world’s financial system is becoming increasingly fragmented and retreating into national borders (Carney (2013b)). As well as providing a new source of finance for borrowers, it could lead to a more diversified and more stable global investor base. At the same time, however, a rapid increase in liquidity from China could lead to absorption pressures in some asset markets in the short run, which could lead to a mispricing of risk with adverse consequences for financial stability. Increased global role of the renminbi Greater international use of the renminbi would add another dimension to the global impact of capital account liberalisation. Potential benefits include lower transaction costs and a reduced risk of currency mismatches. But it may also amplify the international transmission of Chinese policy and domestic shocks, of which policymakers around the world will need to take into account. Take the following hypothetical case: a country purchases a large proportion of its imports from China and its currency depreciates against the renminbi. If the prices of those imports are set and invoiced in the domestic currency of that country, the depreciation would not automatically lead to an increase in their price and hence no response in domestic monetary and fiscal policy would be needed.(2) If, however, the imports were invoiced in RMB, then their price would increase in line with the exchange rate depreciation, leading to domestic inflation. Moreover, a country that had no trade with China but whose imports were set and invoiced in RMB — such that the RMB would be a ‘vehicle currency’ — would need to respond to macroeconomic or policy fluctuations in China that affect the exchange rate and feed through into domestic prices of that country. There is a body of literature which finds evidence of these invoicing effects for the US dollar, as the world’s most international currency. Goldberg (2010) finds that for non-US economies, large use of the US dollar in reserves and in international transactions is typically associated with greater sensitivity of trade, inflation and asset values to movements in the value of the dollar relative to the domestic currency. However, as discussed above, it would likely take much longer than a decade for the renminbi to take on a similar role to that of the US dollar today. Global imbalances The literature on the causes and consequences of global imbalances is as vast as it is inconclusive. According to one influential perspective, the large imbalances in current account positions that accumulated over the past decade partly originated in high net saving rates in developing Asian countries (Bernanke (2005). If true, capital account liberalisation in China could potentially help to alleviate these imbalances to the extent that it leads to a reduction in China’s net savings and correspondingly its current account surplus (although clearly the impact of this on overall imbalances would depend on the corresponding adjustment in other countries). This may occur either because liberalisation lowers the incentives for precautionary saving or because it leads to a more flexible and higher exchange rate. But even if Chinese capital account liberalisation were to lead to no reduction in global imbalances, it could still help to lessen some of the adverse consequences relating to these imbalances. There is evidence that reserve accumulation by foreign governments can materially depress the risk-free interest rate in the United States (Warnock and Warnock (2009)) which, in turn, may encourage excessive risk-taking behaviour globally. So to the extent that Chinese capital account liberalisation were to result in a switch in the composition of outflows, away from reserve accumulation by the central bank and towards overseas investment in riskier assets by other Chinese residents, this may reduce some of the downward pressure on government bond yields and related rates i n the United States and globally. Of course, this would bring other challenges. But in the longer term, it could be beneficial for the stability of the international monetary and financial system as a whole. Conclusion If China continues to liberalize its capital account over the next decade or so, it is likely to be a force for development and constancy not just in China but also for the international monetary and financial system. While this process will be companied by new and important risks, it falls to international bodies and national authorities to monitor and take appropriate policy actions to mitigate such risks. This will not be a petty task. As we already know Chinese capital account liberalisation could lead to striking changes in the global financial landscape, policymakers will be facing uncharted territory. In order to succeed, policy cooperation between national authorities is necessary, both to increase understanding of the risks and to develop common policy approaches. Currently the Bank of England is working intimately with the People’s Bank of China regarding the development of offshore renminbi activity in the United Kingdom and will continue to seek other ways to suppo rt a successful integration of China into the global financial system.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Explain why Act 2. Scene 2. is a turning point in the play for Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay

Explain why Act 2. Scene 2. Is a turning point in the play for Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. How should the actors playing these characters behave to show the audience what they are feeling? In the First Act we learn that Macbeth is thought of as a very noble, loyal, brave man. â€Å"For brave Macbeth †¦ O valiant cousin, worthy gentlemen!† Macbeth was victorious in a battle on behalf of the kingdom and gets lots of praise from the king, and the other soldiers, and unknown to him is soon be given the title, ‘Thane Of Cawdor’. Banquo and Macbeth are travelling home and they came across 3 witches. These witches prophisize that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and that soon after he will become king. â€Å"All hail Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! †¦All hail Macbeth! Thalt shalt be King hereafter.† Macbeth doesn’t pay to much attention to them and continues on with his journey, when he returns home, he finds out that the King is coming to stay with him and Lady Macbeth in their castle. Macbeth then finds out of the title and tells Lady Macbeth of the three witches prophesies, and then Lady Macbeth starts to hatch a plan. Macbeth was so horrified of the idea of killing Duncan because in those days, people believed in something, which was called the divine right of kings. Which meant that they believed the king to have been chosen by god. So an attack on King Duncan would have been considered sacrilege. In Act one, Macbeth comes across as brave and loyal, but if he goes through with the murder, he will be forever looking over his shoulder, he will have to watch what he says and does, because he could be found out. This would change his character entirely. Macbeth has to realise that there can be no going back once the murder has been committed. James 1 would have understood and believed in the divine right of kings, so when the play was being written, including it would have been more interesting as the play was originally wrote for James 1, who was king at the time. Scene 2 has to be the most violent part of the play although we don’t actually see the murder in the written play, it is only included in the film version, which we recently watched, directed by Roman Polantski. It is interesting that Macbeth kills King Duncan offstage, the scene could be written this way because Shakespeare wanted us to concentrate on Macbeth’s reaction to the murder, rather than the murder itself. It’s a crucial part in the play as it the first of many murders. The murder takes place on the night of the King’s stay. Everything that happens in the play now is revolved around this scene. This scene is important because it not only features the murder scene. It is also the start of the falling apart of the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. There is a lot of tension when we see Lady Macbeth pacing about nervously, waiting for Macbeth to come back. We also see Lady Macbeth’s softer side too when she says â€Å"Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t† meaning if the King had not looked like her father she would have gone through with the murder herself. I imagine her to be looking quite sad at this point, yet nervous, for fear of still being caught. It reminds us that lady Macbeth still has some humanity because it might help the audience to understand why she does what she does at the end of the play. Lady Macbeth hears an owl screech while she is waiting for Macbeth and jumps, as she is clearly quite nervous even though earlier on in the play she says â€Å"That, which hath made them drunk, hath made me bold.† This is obviously not the case. Lady Macbeth may say this half-jokingly and holding the cup up near to her face, which she drinks it. When Macbeth comes to meet his wife they are both nervous, yet they seem excited to, as they don’t speak in full sentences, it’s a short, sharp exchange of words. â€Å"When† , â€Å"Now† , â€Å"as, I descended† , â€Å"Aye†. His shows the audience that they are worried, nervous etc. They will at this maybe looking around them to see if there is anyone coming, or looking at each other trying to see what the other is thinking. Macbeth also still has hold of the daggers, which makes the tension in the scene increase. Macbeth can’t seem to believe he has committed such a crime as he says, â€Å"This is a sorry sight†. He is also referring to his hands, which are covered in blood, Macbeth must have been putting his head in his hands at this point for him not to notice, therefore holding them up in fr ont of his face. He can’t seem to forget about the murder after this point. He seems obsessed with what he has done and almost in a hypnotising state of mind. Lady Macbeth, although in a way mocks him, she stays calm and says to him â€Å"Go get some water and wash this filthy witness from your hands.† Lady Macbeth is probably pushing him to the fountain and is keeping an eye on him, as so, they won’t get caught. Macbeth knows that he might be able to get rid of the stain from his hands but not from his conscience. He says â€Å"Not all Neptune’s ocean can wash me clean†. Lady Macbeth makes fun of Macbeth for dwelling on the murder and has a go at him for being a coward. Macbeth and his wife seem to lose a connection with each other and Shakespeare has made it obvious that Macbeth is the weaker of the two characters and his and Lady Macbeth’s relationship isn’t going very well. He shows this by having Macbeth ramble on, and say long speeches. But Lady Macbeth stays in control, she acts almost evil and without a conscience. The play seems to build up more tension by Macbeth saying that he thought he had heard a voice saying â€Å"Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore shall sleep no more: Macbeth shall sleep no more.† This could be Macbeth’s imagination, or him hearing another of the witches prophesies. The knocking on the door startles Macbeth, as he knows now, this could tell whether his crime is about to be found out or not. Lady Macbeth again keeps her head amongst all of this, although nervous they will be discovered. Lady Macbeth quickly returns the bloodstained daggers to Duncan’s grooms, and goes one further and says, â€Å"If he do bleed, I’ll guild the grooms with Duncan’s blood, for it must seem their guilt.† Shakespeare has her do this to make the audience aware of how much more confident than Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is. Whereas Macbeth is still in shock of the crime he had committed. Shakespeare conveys that Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s relationship is slowly deteriorating, as Macbeth seems to be acting crazily and Lady Macbeth seems evil and calculating and in control of the situation. The knocking still carrying on, lady Macbeth appears annoyed and urges her husband, to his chamber, where they can hide and come across as innocent to the murder if it is discovered. Shakespeare has once again let Lady Macbeth take control. Shakespeare has cleverly used language and structure of sentences manages to create a lot of tension and excitement in this scene. He uses the right language in the right places to make the characters and the play really believable. Towards the end of the play Macbeth becomes overwhelmed by guilt and fear, he murders anyone he suspects might know. Eventually the heir to crown kills Macbeth, after Lady Macbeth has taken her own life as she is overcome by the guilt. King James and the rest of the Shakespearean audience would have wanted the murders and lies and drama, this is probably what they would have expected. Sacrilege was believed to have been punished by God. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth were the murderers so this would have added excitement; the witches added some eerieness and supernatural theme to the play. These are good choices for the play at that particular time, and it still makes it good today.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

The Problem Of Tobacco Cessation And Its Effects On Health...

In an effort to reduce avoidable hospital use and promote a more financially viable and high performing healthcare system, DSRIP has proposed multiple solutions to reach this goal. This program aims at redesigning the Medicaid system through domains that introduce new facets that build off of new or old projects. Domain four primarily deals with the State s Prevention Agenda on its intended influence to population-wide health. A specific project introduced in this domain focuses on promoting tobacco use cessation in low socioeconomic status populations and those with poor mental health. The objective of this prevention project is to decrease the prevalence of cigarette smoking in adults ages 18 and older, along with promoting the use of tobacco cessation services. This includes programs that enhance NYS Smokers Quitline and nicotine replacement products. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Mr Kan Essay - 873 Words

What are the merits and weakness of inductive, deductive, and hierarchical approaches to accounting system classification? Illustrate your arguments with example. Inductive classification: started with the data about the facts of accounting practices and generate the groups by statistical analysis. Advantages: 1. Supposed to be more objective; 2. Appropriate to detect changes; 3. Replicable. The inductive approach to identifying accounting patterns based on an analysis of individual practices, which supposes to be more objective. According to Da Costa et al (1978)’s research, a principal components analysis is applied to identify seven factors that can explain practices: degree of financial disclosure, company law,†¦show more content†¦Problems arose in the Price Waterhouse surveys with respect to data errors, misleading answers, swamping of important questions by trivial ones, and exaggeration of differences between the US and UK. 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